the introduction of new technologies has led to a shift from | latest technology trends in information technology

 


Era of New Technologies in Human Life

New technologies, such as various imaging techniques and experimental methods, provide new scientific evidence; new evidence aggregates into new perspectives, allowing us to have more new understandings of the human mind. The "heart" and "brain" that were previously regarded as mysterious places "As a result, they are connected to a beautiful new world.

   

 

 

 

Human beings have been pursuing the meaning of "existence" since civilization? Where I came from and where am I going to? Therefore, we want to understand the ultimate cause (why there is a function), the proximate cause (how a mechanism works), the developmental origin (individual development), and the evolutionary (evolutionary) What is the result).

 

 

This series of "mind exploration" processes are like puzzles or puzzle solving. In the process, scientists have raised many important questions and conducted rigorous empirical research in an attempt to uncover the mysteries of the human mind.

 

 

Training and control

 

 

Over the decades, new knowledge has been accumulating, and we have gradually gained an understanding of the complex mental operations of human beings. For example, how do we develop "habits"? It is mentioned in the article "Developing Good Habits from the Brain" in the book "Spy on the Mind" that the brain will turn highly repetitive and potentially addictive behaviors into "automated processes". The advantage is that it saves brain resources and responds quickly, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to change; "Accumulated habits can be changed" tells us how to develop good habits, and how to adjust and change the process of automation that is not good for individuals.

 

 

Habituation can also explain blind spots. "Master Blind Spot" mentioned that the brain tends to use familiar methods to solve problems, making us blind to better practices. This is the "einstellung effect". This can also explain "confirmation bias", that is, the tendency to seek evidence to support one's beliefs while ignoring counterexamples. For example, when the pioneer of neuroscience Paul Broca compares human brain capacity, he finds that the average French The Germans are small, he explained that this is because the French body is smaller than the Germans, but when it is found that the female brain is smaller than the male, it is not explained by the body size, because he originally thought that the female intelligence is not as good as the male. The author of "Master Blind Spot" believes that no one can be immune to confirmation errors, but he proposes a magic formula to avoid similar mistakes by imitating the naturalist Darwin: as long as he sees information that contradicts his own ideas, it is immediately recorded.

 

 

Mental abilities can also be trained and controlled. "Training Your Mental Muscles" mentioned people who used to think that "self-esteem" (self-esteem) was high and their achievements were high. Now they think that "self-control" is the key, "If you conquer yourself, you can conquer the world." The article also mentioned the famous marshmallow experiment, giving the children the choice to take the candy immediately or later. After long-term follow-up, it was found that people with high self-control ability are more successful.

 

 

〈Psychology on the sports field: How to become a top player? 〉Mentioned that, in addition to innate physical conditions, many athletes also have unique psychological characteristics, and can show extraordinary concentration and willpower under tremendous pressure. In addition, the coach’s leadership style is also the key to affecting player performance. Japanese professional baseball player Suzuki Ichiro, who is 43 years old, has hit 3,068 hits in the highly competitive Major League Baseball, and his batting rate is still over 30%. In an interview, he said that he is always under fear, anxiety and pressure. If he just wants to play happily, he cannot survive in the professional baseball world. In fact, he also hates repeating the same practice content, but because he has a goal, he is very happy when his efforts have achieved results.

 

 

Beauty and mystery

 

 

Scientists focus not only on rational thinking, but also on the interpretation of beauty. Beauty is not only an abstract expression, but also has a physiological basis. "The Biological Basis of Aesthetics" writes that all perceptual experiences are "embodied." "We put all perceptual information on the body and regard the body as a simulation center of experience or knowledge. Try that Sensation, so as to obtain the ultimate experience connotation."

 

 

The "Thinking Behind the Design" shows that humans have common aesthetic preferences, and "familiarity" is the key to influence, because familiarity brings a sense of security, and the more familiar objects are easier to recognize. In addition, generally speaking, we prefer large, round, symmetrical, and complex graphics, which are explained and supported in neuroscience or cognitive psychology; for example, compared to smooth shapes, sharp shapes will strongly activate the almond, the fear center in the brain. Neurons in the body (amygdala), perhaps because sharp objects often represent danger.

 

 

What about music? "How does the brain listen to music? 〉Mentioned that humans began to play bone flutes and percussion instruments 30,000 years ago. However, the brain does not have an area dedicated to processing music; on the perceptual level, there are 3,500 hair cells in the inner ear and as many as 100 million light-sensitive eyes. Cells, hearing and vision are equally rich. Also, when musicians listen to piano performances, they have 25% more activated left brain areas than non-musicians. Generally speaking, the left brain is better at processing the structure of information. The more activated the left brain is, it means that in addition to melody, We can also appreciate the beauty of rhythm more deeply.

 

 

The perception of aesthetics and music may be abstract. Another issue is more mysterious and fascinating, and that is consciousness. "The subconscious mind, the potential power that influences the human heart" and "Behavior can also change the subconscious mind" analyze how the subconscious mind affects behavior, and behavior can also affect consciousness. Performing a simple "push-pull experiment" is an unexpected help in giving up alcohol and reducing social anxiety. In recent years, intensive care medicine has been paid more and more attention. "Are vegetative people still conscious?" 〉Discuss whether there is "hidden consciousness" in the vegetative human brain. Studies have found that healthy subjects under anesthesia have the same level of activation of the language areas of the brain as they did when they were awake; similar findings have been found in patients, which makes us need to rethink The vegetative state of consciousness.

 

 

The study of "Pruning Memory in Sleep" found that during sleep, neurons of many neural circuits fire spontaneously, which weakens the synaptic response established during wakefulness, saves neuron energy, and reduces the pressure on neurons, so that neurons are Activity returns to the baseline. The mechanism of "down-regulation of choice" during sleep prevents our brains from being overloaded. Here, "less is more". "Deprived of sleep, also deprived of attention" pointed out that 17 hours without sleep, attention performance is equivalent to 0.05% of blood alcohol concentration, 24 hours without sleep is equivalent to 0.1%, which is surprising.

 

 

<Time to sleep! 〉It was discussed that lack of sleep can be fatal: In the experiment, the rats did not sleep for a month and all died; in humans, insomnia also has a serious impact on human immunity. In addition, there was a case of fatal familial insomnia (fatal familial insomnia) 30 years ago. Patients suffered from continuous insomnia and eventually died. Pathological anatomy revealed that a large number of nerve cells in their thalamus had disappeared. The importance of sleep is not a problem. Without quality sleep, there will be no good mood, good memory and learning ability.

 

 

Understanding and application
 

 

Mental research is still a new subject, and you must be very careful in interpreting data or practical applications. For example, "The Controversy of the Evolution of Mind" discussed that popular evolutionary psychology claims that human beings are "a stone age brain in the modern skull", but in the absence of archaeological and evolutionary data, this may make serious inferences Fallacy; because if physiology can be changed, why doesn't psychological evolution happen?

 

 

When it comes to evolution, "the difference between humans and beasts lies in the mind" points out that humans and chimpanzees have 99% of the same genes, and also have many of the same tools and cognitive abilities. The key difference is "small differences that make big differences." Humans have a high degree of social skills (ie, social brain), can perceive what others are thinking to promote cooperation, and can pass knowledge to others and further improve.

 

 

The brain's functioning pays attention to balance. For example, there is a certain ratio between sleep and wakefulness; stress and relaxation are both important tasks; you can use willpower, work hard, and you need to stop and take a break to "save" the wasted willpower. Psychology , Brain science and related research results all emphasize balanced operation. In Taiwan, this is especially important. Children do not need to go round and round between talent classes and cram schools. After all, behavior is slowly formed during the process of individual development by innate and environmental factors. Innately we cannot change, and environmental factors, whether adults or children, want to cultivate beneficial behaviors such as listening to music, cultivating beauty, and training physical fitness, starting from "habituation" (becoming an automated process). Once developed, you can Have a long-term impact on the individual. Conversely, for harmful behaviors such as drug or Internet addiction, examine the factors that maintain these behaviors and gradually change or replace them with good habits. I believe there will be a day of correction.

 

 

The brain is an organ with strong adaptability. Facing new environments, new challenges, new adaptations, and changes, changes are ongoing.